roberts



Nom A27 1923. A. R'OBERTS COKE OVEN 1l Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 11. 1919 H r m7 n s rf u bw 95%# QQ w f Q\\\@ L/ @.5 Q@ .NWN O w N r .w rb b\ /UC/ u A/ kh) :QJ H ...Il ssssszs Ra) d flv FQ mxw mm Qfnkbmwwm 91 MQ n@ AS m5 PNY \&\\ \&-\\ \Lx\ \\ml l \\.V\ i ,y n v 1 W 1 Nov. v27 1923.

A. ROBERTS COKE OVEN 11 sheets-sheet '2 'Filed July 1l, 1919 fide/toi? l I r d@ Nov. 27 1923. 154753881 A. ROBERTS COKE OVEN Filed July ll. y1919 11 Sheets-Sheet 3 f7 A 7 Z -f Nov. 27 ,'1923. 1,475,881

Af ROBERTS COKE OVEN Filed July l1, 1919 11 Sheets-Sheet 5 Nov. 27, Ei923.

11 Sheets-Sheet 7 A. ROBERTS COKE OVEN Filed July 1l, 1919 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 Nov. 27 1923.

A. ROBERTS COKE OVEN Filed July'll, 1919 l1 Sheets-Sheet 9 Nov. 27 1923. 1,475,881

A. ROBERTS COKE OVEN Filed July 11, 1919 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 lwlllllllllllll YH! :llllll l Z/e fato 7:

Nov. 27 1923.

A. ROBERTS COKE OVEN Filed July 1l. 1919 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 frz MC2/2.50 7C Patented Nov. 27, 1923.

uNrrD ,as freres namen-fr Aieiwit:E.

ARTHUR ROBERTS, OFJEVANSTON, ILLINOILASSIQNOR; BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO CHICAGO TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, OF GHIGAGQILLINOIS, .A CORPORATION.

, COKE OVEN.

Application led J'u1y 11, 1919. WSerial No. 309,995.

To all 'who/mit may concern Be itlrnownthat I, ARTHUR ROBERTS, a citizen of the United :,.States, residing at Evanston, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented ,certain rImprovements in Coke Ovensand the like, oit which the following is a speciication.

The present invention has to do with improvements `in coke ovens and lilrefstructures. The invention hasparticular reference to the construction-ot' heating walls, the mannerin whichprovision iswrnade for securinga uniform distribution ofheatvover theentire surface of the wall; the manner in which a portion of the Waste 4heat, is recovered and returned to the walls; and other features of construction.

Owing to the relatively large ysizeof coke oren heating walls the temperature of heating gases falls assaid gases ,travel Athrough the walls. Consequently unless special p rovision' is made Jfor insuring a uniformheating action it willbe found `thatby the time the heating gases have -fully traversed the walls they will havebecome cooled to such an extent that an unequal heating eiectwill be produced. 'Consequentlyspey cial provision mustbe madegfor compensating the delivery of heat `from the gases to the walls in order to obtainraSsubstantially uniform heating effect atjall points.

In order to `secure the rnostV satisfactory operation of the ovens for the' recoyery of a maximum `portion of the byproducts it is very desirable to introduce the heating gases I initially in the upperportionof the walls,

said gas then traveling through, the walls downward toa point of 'delivery adjacent 'to the lower portion or sole ofltlieoven. It follows that when such an arrangement is used the sole or lower portion of Athe oven will be relatively cool and consequently the coke will be either imperfectly formed Ain that portion of the retort or else an undersirably long time will be necessary in order to carry the operation'through to a proper termination.

@ne ot the features ofthe present invention has reference to the provision of a construction such that practically the entire surface lof the walls can be uniformly heated,,particularly in that type oven in which the heating gases travel downwardly from top to bottom of the walls. More particularly another object of the invention is yto secure the foregoing result within that type o' oven in which the heating walls are built up from a series or mesh-work ot' inter-connected zigzag passages of such form as insure a maximum abstraction or removal of heat from the gases.

Another feature of the invention has ret'- erence to theA provision of a construction such that the heating effect `may be controlled as to secure a. practically uniform colring action -throughout the entire area ot the retort walls. In this connection I will state that in the ordinary horizontal retort oven `hea-ted on its sidewalls it is customary to providea door. at each end ot this retort, which doors are normally closed during the coking period. After the colring operation has been completed the'doors are removed and the coke is pushedv by the use of a special pusher `appliance which enters through one door and causes the coke to travel out and to be delivered through the other ldoor. In order to facilitate this pushing operation the width of the retort should taper slightly .in thedirection of the coke pusher, the retort, being wider von the coke delivery end than on the pusher end. Since the coke operation commences at the surface of the walls and travels towards the center of the mass in the retort it follows that under ordinary circumstances a greater length ot time would be necessary ior the colring operation to fully penetrate the coal at the coke Vend than at-the pusher end.

Thiswould mean either that ythe total colring period should be suiiiciently longer to insure a complete coking at the colte or wide end of `the retort, such interval of time being greater than necessary for the completionpof the operation at thepusher end; or that `ifthe coke were to bepushed as soon as the coking operation had come to a conclusion at the pusher end it would be found that the coking process was not complete at the coke delivery end.

One o-t the objects of the present invention is to provide a construction of oven such that the heating effect at different portions of the wall can be controlled independently, and particularly to provide a construction or arrangement in that type of oven in which the width of the retort varies so as to facilitate the pushing operation.

Still another object of the invention is to make provision 'for securing the aforementioned control in the heating eitect in that type, ofA coke oven in which there is provided a mesh-work of inter-connected passages as distinguished from the flue type of oven.

Still another object of the invention is to greatly improve the construction and operation of the recuperating mechanism when the saine is used, so as to secure a very large recovery of Waste heat from the spent gases. In this connection still another object is to utilize the arrangement in the sense ot making provision ttor the unit operating of the heating walls of each oven in conjunction with its particular heat recovering mechanism.

Other objects and uses oi the invention will appear from a detailed description oi'- the same, which consists in the :features ozt' construction and combinations oit parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings Fig. l shows a vertical longitudinal section through a retort and the heat recovering' mechanism embodying certain of the features of the present invention. It may also be considered as a section taken on line l-l of Figs. 3, a and 5 looking inthe direction of the arrows.

Fig. 2 shows a vertical longitudinal section similar to that of Fig. l with the ex-V ception that it is taken through one of the heating walls and shows the gas passages within the same. It may also be considered as a section taken on the line 2v-2 o't Figs. 3, l and 5 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. i is a vertical cross-section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction o1" the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 looking in Jthe direction of the arrows;

F ig. 6 shows a vertical cross-section taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section taken on the line 7*? of Fig. e looking` in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 5 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section taken the line 9-9 of Fig. 4i;

F ig. l0 is a horizontal section taken the line ILO-10 of Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6;

Fig. il is a horizontal section taken the line ll-ll of Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6;

Fig. l2 is 'a horizontal section taken on the line l2-12 or Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6;

Figi. 13 is a horizontal section taken the line 13-13 of Figs. 3, 4; 5 and 6;

Fig. la is a horizontal section taken the line lli-lt oit Figs. 3, 4t, 5 and 6;

Fig. l5 is a horizontal section taken the line 15-15 of Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6;

Fig. 16 is a horizontal section taken on the line l6-16 of Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6;

Figs. 13, i4, l5 and 16 may also be considered taken on the lines 13-l3, 14-14, 15-15 and 16-16 of Fig. l looking in the direction of the arrow; and

17 is a typical diagrammatic view ot a pipe arrangement for controlling the delivery ot gas to both sets of burners.

I will Jtiret describe in detail the coke oven constructions disclosed herein and will atterwards explain in detail the particular construction O heat recovering devices which are illustrated.

Fach oven or retort is provided with a pair oi: heating walls 2O and 2l. On the interior of each wall is a series oi gas passages for the accommodation of the heating gases. For certain purposes it is desirable to provide an arrangement in which the heating gases travel downwardly through the passages of the wall, combustion conn inencing at the top, and the spent gases being withdrawn from the bottom portion of each wall. Among other reasons why this is a desirabie arrangement may be stated the tact that it is thus possible to operate the oven with a relatively cool dome or upper portion7 and it is also possible to maintain the sole of the oven more easily at the proper temperature. For this reason I have shown a construction in which the heating gases travel downwardly through the passages.

I may aiso state at this point that in many cases it is desirable to use a construction of heating wall having a mesh-work of interconnected gas passages as distinguished from a construction in which the gases travel tlirough independent fines. arrangement facilitates and improves the transfer of heat into the walls and correspondingly improves the operating eiticiency and the ability to accurately control tcmperatures. I have therefore illustrated that type of heating wall which is built up '.iroin notched blocks according to the principle included in Letters Patent of the OIl This type of United States, Number 1,132,685 issued to me March 23, 1915, for improvements in coke ovens and the like, but I Wish it distinctly understood that in illustrating this type ot heating ivall construction I do not thereby intend to limit myself to its use in conjunction with the features ot the present invention except as I may limit mlvsel't' in the claims.

Referring particularly to Figs. 9 to 16, inclusive, it will be observed that the retort or carbonizing chamber 22 varies in Width between the doors and 21, being wider adjacent to the door 24 than adjacent to the door In the pushing operation the pusher advances through the opening of the door `223 and the colse is delivered through the opening oit' the door 2/1. The door 23 is lo Vated at the pusher end and the door 21 at the colte end. This tapering in the Width of the oven or retort facilitates the discharge of the colte and thereby greatly improves the operation oit the oven.

its previously explained, the colting operation would normally reach its termination sooner at'the narrow end than at the wide end ot the oven. In order to compensate tor this tendency I have provided means Jfor controlling the heat at different portions oit the wall so as to make it possible to equalize the colcing time in all portions ot the retort. In the particular construction illustrated this control is secured in the lfollowing manner: A series ot burners 25 is located throughout the length ot the upper portion ot' each heating Wall. These burners receive their gas :tor combustion through independent control valves 2G, and b v opening the control valves different amounts in di'tl'erent portions ot' the Wall it is possible to secure the compensation or equalization previously explained.

In those cases in which independent control valves are used for the various burners in a colte oven ot varying Width and in Which the heating gases travel through independent tlues it vvill be evident that the heating ettect at each portion ot the Wall may be very accurately regulated independently ot other portions ol the wall because there will be assurance that the heating gases delivered by the various burners will follow the courses prescribed by their respective dues. I contemplate as being Within the scope of the present invention such arrangrements when used in conjunction with retorts ot varying Width.

In the particular type oit the heating Wall illustrated in the drawings ot the present case there is av meshivork ot independentpassages that it is evident that the heating gases are allowed to interchange or exchange more or freely between difterent portions ot the vvall and consequently in some cases it might be found that owing` to local conditions the temperatures in the different portions of the Wall would not accurately follow the adjustments ot the various burners. In order to compensate t'or such a possibility I have provided as shown particularly in Fig. 2 a. number ot vertical partitions or battles 27, 28, 29 and 30 on the interior ot` each heating Wall which battles divide the total length ot the ivall into sections or Zones more or less isolated 'trom each other, although in each ot' said sections there is a meshwork oit interconnected passages within which trans'ler or exchange may take place. It will therefore be evident that the use ot' such partitions or such sectioning arrangement bears in some cases a peculiar relationship to the independent control of temperatures at different portions ot' the heating Wall in those ovens in which the ividth is not uniform throughout the length oit the retort. In this connection I Wish to state that in my co-pending application ttor Letters Patent ot the United States on improvements in regenerative coke ovens. Serial Number 105,133, filed June 22, 1916.y and renewed November 8, 1918, as Serial Number 261,7110, I have shown a construction ot a heating Wall having on its interior a .meshwork ot' interconnected passages and I have also shown in that case the use ot a series of partitions or battles itor dividing the cutire length ot' the meshwork ot passages into a series ot zones or sections. However, I have not shown the said arrangement in said application as used in conjunction within a retort ot Varying Width, nor have I claimed said construction in said case, having reserved the same tor claims in this application.

Considering the construction ot the heating Wall more in detail it will be observed that adjacent to each ot' the burners 25 is a vertical inspection port or capacity 31 leading trom the upper surface ot the heating ivall downwardly to a chamber 32 adjacent to the lower end ot the corresponding burner. Air Ltor combustion is admitted to the chambers 32 and passes trom them down through ports 33 which lead into the combustion chambers 31 beneath the several burners. The nozzles or burners discharge their gas directly into these combustion chambers Where same mixes with the air delivered through ports 33 and combustion commences at this point.

Above each ot the ports 3:3 will be observed a block 35 slidably mounted ivithin the corresponding chamber 232. By introducing rods or other tools through the inspection ports 31 it Will be possible to manipulate the blocks 35 into such position as to more or less completely cover the corresponding air ports 33 and in this Way the delivery of air to each combustion chamber may be controlled independently of the other chambers. Since the amount olf air delivered has a direct bearing on the conibustion it will be obserred that 'hese inspection ports and the air control boclrs are also used for independently controlling,` the temperature at different po ons of the wall. tis therefore possible to co1 trol both of the constituents ol" combustion locally at Various points in the wall.

Referring particularly to 4, l0. 1l.. l2, 13 and i4, there will he obseri. d a series of vvertically extending passages in each partit-ion wall, there being; a group of passages in each partition wall corresponding lto each et the adjacent hea ng walls. The air for combustion rises tl ouah these passages and is thereoy delivered to the chambers previously mentioned. ln the particular construction illurated these passages 36 receive their into their lower ends from a recuperator striuzture in the foundation of the bench ol ovens, but it will be apparent that as oi air to the heating; wal recuperator structure i with or other h stituted. The pas sub depassages the other Examining F 3. be observed a pair or .o

1.. 1o, ing passages o ano A channels S8 and serve to equalize -ie au' ceived from the d iterent portions oit the recuperator structure pri-Mntly be described and tl cby et uahze preheatingj eilect on the air ror all portions ot ine Furthermore, il' there should be more demand for an' adj cent to bu than adjacent to otr r burners the air tion' can be equalized in the lower portion oi' the structure by these passages or channels 3S rlhe spent are delivered troni the lower portion or' the beatiwalls or ach e oven into a common channel or tunnel beneath the sole of said oyen. This channel or tunnel should be of sufficient cross-sectional area to carry the en ie volume of gases delivered without bei overloaded. It is however, desirable he it as narrow as possible so that the load oit the material in 'the caroonizing channel can be transmitted directly as possible into the foundation through the supporting walls 4l and 42. For this reason l have snown the said channel 40 as tapering in width. being1 narrower in its top portion than in its bottom portion.

The channel 4t extends throughout the entire length ot the oyen as snown particularly in Figs. l and 2. Beneath it is a pair actueel of shorter channels 43 and 44 each of which is of approximately one-half the length of the oven, said channels being separated by a partition 45. Communicating with the outer ends of the channels 43 and 44 are the downcomers or ports 46 and 47 respe tively.

Beneath each retort is a pair of heat recovering` structures 48 and 49 which in the construction illustrated take the Ytorni oi reouperators. The recuperator 48 handles the spent gas from the channel 43 and the recuperator 49 handles the spent gas Jfrom the channel 44.

The recuperator structures 48 and 49 are separated by a centrally located partition 50 as shown in Fig. l.

The recuperators herein disclosed are built up from tiles or lines, such as 5l, set end to end but separated at intervals by horizontal spacer blocks 52 and vertical spacer blocks 55. lilach recuperator comprises two sets or' such tiles or liues in each layer as shown in 3? 4, 5 and G, and the vertical spacer blocks 53 are set alternately between the tiles o? a layer and at the sides of the tiles ot the next layer. There is thus provided a series of passages between the tiles extend ing` in zigzag fashion upwards around the tiles 'from the lower portion to the upper portion o'l: the structure.

Suitable blocks 54 serve to close the spaces between the end portions or' the tiles as clearly shown in Fig. l, thereby preventing any transiter ot air or gas between the interiors of the tiles and the spaces around them. Horizontal partitions 54, 55 and 56 are provided adjacent to certain of the end tiles so as to establish spaces 57, 58 and 59 adjacent to the tile openings at one end of the structure and other spaces 60 and 6l adjacent to the tile openings at 'the other end of the structure. The arrangement is ich that spent gases descendinpV through the downcoiner 46 travel towards the center oit' the structure through the upper layers of tiles7 back towards the end of the structure through the next lower layers of tiles, again towards the center of the structure through the next layers olf tiles, and i'inally to the discharge connection 59 through the lowermost layers of' tiles.

ln the particular arrangement illustrated there are three layers of tiles back and orth .in the upper two passages. but only two layers of tiles back and forth in the lower two passages. As the spent gases traverse the recupcrator structure their temperature is lowered and their Volume correspondingly diminished. It is therefore unnecessary to provide as large cross-sectional area for spent gases in the discharge side of the recuperator as on the intake side thereof, and for this reason I have illustrated the relationship of tile passages just explained.

Gil

The discharge connection 59 at each end of the structure connects to a Suitable tunnel or other gas receiving arrangement under the control ot' a damper 62 if desired so that the draft on different portions of the structure can be equalized. In this connection it is observed that between the sole passage or channel 10 and the corresponding channels or passages 4:3 and la is a series of ports 63 above which are the draft control blocks 64. These latter may be manipulated by rods or other implements introduced through in- Spection ports when the same are uncovered, and it is thus possible to equalize the draft on different portions of channel 40. This is a very desirable feature t'or the reason that said channel is of considerable length and gathers the spent gases from the entire length of the heating wall so that unless special provision was made for controlling the draft at different points in its" length it might be found that there would be more draft in some portions of the heating walls than 0n others.

The zigzag air passages previously described as being formed around the outer surfaces of the tiles communicate at the lower ends with the longitudinal channels 676 and 67 under the two halves of the recuperator structure. These channels receive air through the connection 68 from any suitable source such as a blower or the like and under control of the blocks or dampers 69 which may be manipulated through the inspection ports 70 when said ports have been uncovered.

At their upper ends the zigzag air passages communicate with thev lower ends ofthe air risers 36 as will be clearly understood from examination particularly of Figs. l and 4. In order to equalize the heated air independently before it enters the risers 36 I have shown a pair of longitudinally extending channels 7l and 72 just abo-ve each recuperator. These channels extend the full length of both recuperators as shown in Fig. l and thus serve not only to equalize the heated air from both re cuperators but also serve to deliver the necessary portion of such preheated air to the risers 36 in the central portion of the heating walls. As shown in Fig. l several of these risers are located above the. partition 50 and would therefore not receive a proper supply of air unless side connections: were provided such as the channels 7l and TL.

It was previously mentioned that the heating gases traverse the walls their temperature falls owing to the loss of heatfrom them, Thisloss of temperature will in sonic cases be so large that it will be desirable to make special provision for compensating the heating effect. l will now describe the construct-ion illustrated herein for making such provision.

The full quantity of air of combustion is initially introduced into the chambers 32 but only a portion of the gas for combustion is initially introduced through the burners 25. Consequently the air will be only partially consumed and there will remain in the products of combustion a considerable portion of free oxygen. Ordinarily 50 or 60% of the total gas for combustion will be initially introduced through theI burners 25, 100% of air having been introduced, and consequently there will remain approximately one-half of the oxygen unconsumed. The excess portion of air as compared to gas will serve also to temper the combustion so that the heat will be generated at a relatively lower temperature and with less danger of burning the structure. It will also be observed in this connection that there will be a greater total volume of gases than would ordinarily be present for the combustion of the initially introduced fuel gas, and therefore the gas passages in the upper portions of the heating walls will be correspondingly crowded and there will be better assurance that the burning mixture will uniformly and evenly fill all portions of the meshwork of passages. J

As the gases travel downwardly they move through the upper courses of the meshwork of passages and give up a portion of their heat. After the wall has been partially traversed the gases encounter additional or supplemental portsy 73 through which the remaining quantity of the gas for combustion is introduced. These ports 7 3 are formed in blocks 74 which extend over into the partition wall and communicate with supplemental gas passages 75 which extend down through the upper portion of said wall. These supplemental gas passages are under the control of valves 76 at t-he upper portion of the structure so that the amount of supplemental gas introduced at each supplemental burner can be controlled independently of the other burners.

It will be observed that the large blocks 74 in which are formed these supplemental burners 74, while lapping over a' portion of the partition wall do not prevent independent expansion or contraction of the heating walls as compared to the partition wall since planes of shear are established on the upper and lower surfaces of the blocks 74. It will also bc observed that by the use of the cnlarged blocks 74; it is possible to establish the desired communication between the supplemental ports 7 3 and the supplemental gas passages 75 while at the same time permitting the parts to adjust themselves independently under expansion and contraction without breaking the continuity of the passages,

I wish to point out that in my co-pending application for Letters Patent of the United States on improvements in the art of heating Walls, Serial Number 201,112, filed November 9, 1917, I have disclosedL a type of heating Wall construction in which provision is made for the :introduction of a supplemental portion ol' gas for the purpose of reinforcing combustion.

Referring particularly to Fig, 17, same shows diagrammatically simple arrangement of piping for supplying gas under control to the various groups of burners in the individual heating` Walls. Above each pair of heating Walls is located four gas pipes, 77, 78, 79 and 80, the pipes being connected to their respective groups of burners under control of individual valves,

lVhile l have herein shown and described only a` single embodiment of the features of my prese-nt invention still l do not limit inyself to said embodiment except as l may do so in the claims.

I claim:

1. ln a coke oven structure, the combination of a pair of vertical heating Walls providing a distillation retort betiveen them, each of said heating Walls having on its interior a meshivork of inter-connected passages for heating gases extending in zigzag fashion downwardly through the Wall, a series of burners located throughout the length of the upper portion of the Wall, air chambers adjacent to said burners, there being vertical inspection openings leading` to said air chambers, connections from the air chambers to the heating passages, dampers in the chambers for the control of said connections, said dampers being located in position for adjustment throughsaid inspection openings, means for collecting spent from all portions of the lower edge of each heating wall, heat recovering devices having horizontally extending passages for spent gases extending in zigzag fashion therethrough, and connections for the delivery of air from Said heat recovering devices to the air chambers aforesaid, substantially as described.

2. ln a coke oven structure, the combination of a pair of heating Walls providing a retort between them, there being a series ot downwardly extending passages for heating gases in each of said Walls, a series of burners for introducing gas for combustion into said. passages, series of air chambers in the upper portion of each heating Wall, there being a vertically extending inspection opening above each air chamber, offset connections for delivering air to said chambers, connections for the delivery of air from eac-h air chamber into the heating gas passages aforesaid, dampers located in said chambers for manipulation through said inspection openings for the control of air delivery through said ports, means for collecting the spent gas from all portions of the heating walls for delivery at the end portions of the oven, and heat recovering devices in conj unction with the aforesaid structures and including spentgas passages extending horizontally from said connections towards the center of the structure and horizontally from the center of the structure towards a point of discharge, and air passages in conjunction therewith for the deliverjv of air from points adjacent to said spent gas passages to said air chambers aforesaid, substantially as described.

3. ln a. bench of coke ovens, the combination of a series of retorts located adjacent to each other, each retort having a pair of side heating Walls, each heating viali having on its interior suitable passages for the transfer of heatingr gases downwardly therethrough, means for introducing gas into the heating passages of each Wall independently of the other Walls, heat recovering devices beneath each oven independently of the other ovens, connections for the delivery of spent gas from the Walls of each oven to the heat recovering devices for that oven independently of the other ovens, and connections for the delivery of air for combustion from the heat recovering devices of each oven independently of the other ovens, substantially as described.

e. In a bench of coke ovens, the combination of a series of retorts located adjacent to each other, heating Walls for each retort, heat recovering devices for each oven and the heating Walls thereof independently of the other ovens, connections for the delivery of spent gas from the Walls of each oven to the heat recovering devices thereof independently of the other ovens, and connections for the delivery of air from the heat recovering devices of each oven independently of the other ovens, substantially as described.

5. ln a bench of coke ovens, the combination of a series of retorts located, in close proximity to cach other, heating Walls for each retort independently of the other retorts, heat recovering devices located beneath each retort and the heating Walls thereof, spent gas passages in each of said heat recovering devices and independent of the other heat recovering devices. air pasges in each of said heat recovering devices and independent of the other heat recovering devices, connections for the delivery of spent gas from the Walls of each oven only to the spent gas passages of the corresponding heat recovering devices, and connections for the delivery of air from the air passages only of said heat recovering devices to the corresponding heating walls, substantially as described.

6. ln a coke oven, the combination of a pair of heating Walls comprising notched.

blocks set together to provide a meshwork ot` inter-connected passages for heating gases, partitions within each wall dividing said passages into a series ot vertical Zones, and means tor delivering gas and air into the, passages ot' the different Zones under tontrol and independently ot the other zones. to thereby locally regulate the tempcratures Ot the heating walls, the heating' walls being farther apart at one end ot the structure than at the other end, substantially as described.

7. In a bench ot' colte ovens, the combination ot a series ot retorts located in close proximity to each other, a foundation on which said retorts are carried. heatingwalls tor each retort, partition walls in the foundation beneath the heating walls ot consecutive ovens, heat recovering devices tor each oven between a pair ot said Soundation partition walls. and means for collecting spent gas from the heating walls oit each oven independently of the heating walls ot the other ovens comprising a sole channel beneath each oven narrow in its upper porH tion and broad in its lower portion. and means tor' transferring spent gas between the sole passage of each oven and 'the corresponding` heat recovering devices` substantially as described.

8. A coke oven structure comprising in combination a retort having a pair of heating walls, passages for heating gases in each wall` heat recovering devices beneath each oven independently ol the other ovens, means tor transferring spent gas trom the heating walls of each oven to the corresponding heat recovering devices, means for transferring :trom the heat recovering devices to the upper portions ot the heating walls ot the oven a full quantity of air for combustion. means for introducing a partial quantity of gas tor combustion into the upper portion ot the heating passages ot' said walls, and means tor introducing a supplemental portion ot gas Vtor combustion to the central portions ot the. heating walls ot' said oven, substantially' as described.

9. ln a coltey oven, the combination oli a pair of heating walls each having on its interior a series ot vertically extending groups ot" interconnected passages tor heating gases within each ot which the descending gases are tree to intercoinmunicate, said `:groups egt passages being isolated from each other in their body portions whereby gases in one group are prevented trom iiiterchange with the gases ot' the other groups` the inner Vlaces oi" the heating walls providing the sides ot the chamber, said sides being closer together at one end of the chamber than at the other end therol, and means -tor introducing combustible constituents into the upper ends of the groups independently oit each other and under control, whereby the heating effect within the walls may be con trolled at various points independently o'l other points, substantially as described.

ln a coke oven, the combination of a pair ot heating walls cach having on Vits interior a series o'l interconnected passages cxtending in zigzag fashion -troni its upper to its` lower portion, vertically extemling partitions within cach wall serving to divide the same into a series ot isolated groups ot passages within each ol which the gases are free to trans ter laterally while prevented from interchange between the groups ot passages, the inner fa les ot the walls providing the sides ot the chamber, said sides being closer together at one end oit the chamber than at the other end thereol, and means for intrmlucing combustible constituents into the upper end ot each group ot passages independently ot the other groups, whereby the heating effect at various points throughout the length ot the walls may be indel'iendently controlled to thereby con'ipensate lor the unequal width ot the chamber, and whereby the gases are tree to interchange within the passiges ol each ot said groups, substantially as described. A

1l. ln a colic oren, the combination of a pair o't heating walls each having on its interior a series ot interconnected passages extending' in Zig-zag 'fashion from its upper to its lower portion, the inner 'faces of said walls providing the sides ot' the chamber, said sides luaingl closed together at one end ot the chamberthan at the other end ther(` of. means Yt'or introducing combustible constituents into the upper ends ot the walls, and means under the control ot the operator for varying the introduction ot said combustible constituents at ditlierent portions of the 'walls 'independently oi other portions, to thereby compensate in heating etl'ect for the decreased width ot the oven at one end as compared to the other end, substantially as described.

IQ. ln a bench ot colte ovens, the combination otl a series ol' retorts located in close proximity to each other. a `foundation on which said retorts are carried, heating walls tor each retort, partition walls in the 'tenir dation beneath the heating walls ot consecutive retorts. heat recovering devices for each oven between a pair o'l` said Jfoundation partition walls, and means it'or collecting spent gas 'troni the heating walls ot' each oven in* deiricndently ot' the heating walls ot the other ovens comprising a sole channel beneath each oren. and means tor transferring spent: .gas between the sole passage ot each o'ven and the corresponding heat recovering devices, substantially as described.

lil. vln a colic oven, the combination of a. pair o'l heating walls each having on its interior a meshwork ot intercoimeeted passages for heating gases extending in a genllt) Fl O

erallv vertical tashion through the Walls, partitions Within each Wall serving to divide the passages thereof into a series of independent groups constituting vertical zones, and means 'for delivering gas and air into the upperl portions of the groups ol.l passages independently of the other groups to therebj,7 localljT regulate the temperatures the heatingg Walls, substantially described.

la. ln a colte oven a heating; wall having' on its interior a series ot interconnected jiassages constituting; a meshwork extending' in a generally vertical direction `from its upj er to its lower portion. there being' a series oi' eouibustion chambers in the upper portion ot the Wall having their lower ends in communication with said meshworlrj a gas nozle terminating in the upper end oit cach such combustion chamber and delivering thereinto. an air port at each side ot each nozzle aforesaid having its lower end delivering" air into the said coin.- bustion chamber? there being; inspection ports in vertical alignment with said air ports., and an adjustment block above the upper end of each such air port and in vertical alignment With an. inspection port7 substantially as described.

i5. Tn a coke oven a heating` wall having on its interior a series oit verticalljT extending passages tor the transfer of heating `pases. there being a series of combustion chambers in the upper portion o'lE the heating' Wall having` their lower ends in communication with the upper portion or' the said vertically extendingpassages, a gas nozzle terminating in the upper portion of each said combustion chamber, an air port at each side ot each said nozzle` an inspection port in vertical alignment With each said air port, and an adjustment block in position adjacent to the upper end of each said air port and adjustable through the inspection port aforesaid, substantially as described.

ll. in a coke oven a heating Wall having on its interior a series of vertically extending; passages for the transfer of heating there being;` a series oit combustion chambers in the upper portion o'l the Wall .barren their lower ends in, communication `with the upper portions oi the passages aforesaidn a nozzle communicating' with cach said combustion chamber, an aii port at each side ot' each ,gas nozale. an inspection port in vertical alignment with each szfnid ai]` port, and au adjustment block in i'iositiou adjacent to the upper end of each said air port and in vertical alignment with the cmrespondina` inspection port, substanstantially as described.

17. In a coke oven a heating Wall having on its interior aI series of verticali;7 extend*- ingr passages for the transfer or heating Maasai gases there being; a series et combustion chambers in the upper portion ot the Wall haring` their lower portions in communication with the upper portion of the heating gas passages a'lforesaid. a gas connection terminating in each o'- said combustion chambers. air port at each side of each such to the upper end it each such air port, and an inspection opening; in vertical alignment with each such adjustment bloc r and adjustable therethrough, substantially as described.

ln a eolie oven a heating); wall having on its interior a series ot rerticallv extending passages 'for the transfer oil hcatiiig` gases, a serios oi gas connections in communication with the upper portion ott sa id passages and delireringn an air port at each side ci' each such connection. an ustnient block adjacent to the upper end of each such air port, and an inspection port in vertical alignment with each such adjustment block and adjustable therethrough, substantially as described.

19. ln a coke oven a heating Wall having on its interior a series oit passages tor the transiter oit heating; gases in a vertical direction., a series of pas connections in communication with the upper portions ot said passages, an air port adjacent to each such gas connection, an adjustment bloclr adjacent to each such air port, and an inspection port in vertical alignment with each such adjustnient block and adjustable therethrough, substantially as described. Y

20. ln a colte oven a heating Wall having on its interior a series ot heatingpassages for the transfer ot heating` gases in a vertical direction.I means for delivering combustible mixture into the upper portion of said 'Wall with one et the constituents ot combustion in excess o'lE the other. means tor removing;1 spent gas trom the lov-.rer edge ot the Wall`r and a series oi blocks extending' through the central portion of the Wall in horizontal alignment with each other and on a plane of shear. each such block having on its interior a passage tor the transfer of' gras to the interior portion of the heating' Wall passages. and means tor delivering; gas ta the paso't said blocks. sulestant-iall;Y as de- @as connection., an ustment block adjacent.

communication with a vertical passage, substantially as described.

22. In a coke oven a heating wall having on its interior a series of vertically extending passages for heating gases, said wall comprising courses of blocks, means for introducing combustible constituents into the upper portion of said wall, and a course of blocks in the central portion of the Wall lying in a plane of shear, selected ones of said blocks having transversely extending passages with their inner ends in communication with the passages in the interior of the wall, substantially as described.

23. In a coke oven a heating wall having on its interior a series of vertically extending passages for the transfer of heating gases in a vertical direction, a horizontally extending series of blocks in the central portion of the wall lying in a plane of shear, each such block having on its interior a transversely extending passage with its inner end in communication with the heating gas passages, and means for delivering combustible constituent to the outer end of each transversely extending passage, substantially as described.

24. In a coke oven a heating wall having on its interior a, series of vertically extending passages for the transfer of heating .gases in a vertical direction, a series of blocks in the central portion of the wall located in vertical alignment in a plane of shear, selected ones of said blocks having transversely extending transfer passages with their inner ends in connnunication with the heating gas passages aforesaid, and means for introducing combustible constituent into the outer ends of the transfer passages aforesaid, substantially as described.

25. In a coke oven a heating wall having on its interior gas transferring passages for the transfer of heating gases in a vertical direction, means for introducing constituents of combustion into the upper portions of said passages, a series of blocks in the central portion of the wall lying in a plane of shear and having their inner ends overlying the passages for heating gases, and having their outer ends projecting beyond the outer face of the wall, and transfer passages in selected ones of said blocks having their inner ends in communication with the heating gas passages, and their outer ends in position for the reception of combustible constituent, substantially as described.

26. In a coke oven a heating wall having on its interior gas transferring passages for the transfer of heating gases in a vertical direction, means for introducing combustible constituents into said passages adjacent to one edge of the wall, a series of blocks in the central portion of the wall lying in a plane of shear and having their inner ends overlying the heating gas passages, and having their outer ends projecting beyond the outer face of the wall, and transfer passages in selected ones of said blocks having their inner ends in communication with the heating gas passages, and their outer ends in position for the reception of combustible constituent, substantially as described.

27. In a coke oven the combination of two heating walls each having on its interior a series of passages for the transfer of heating gases from its upper to its lower edge, a common sole passage beneath the sole of the oven and in communication with the lower edges of the passages of both walls, said sole passage extending the full length of the sole of the oven, a spent gas passage beneath each end of said sole passage, a series of openings between the sole passage and each such spent gas passage, heat recovering devices beneath each such spent gas passage, and a connection from the outer end of each spent gas passage to the corresponding heat recovering device, substantially as described.

28. In a coke oven the combination of two heating walls each having on its interior a series of passages for the transfer of heating gases from its upper to its lower edge, a common sole passage beneath the sole of the oven and in communication with the lower portions of the hea-ting passages of both walls, means adjacent to each end of the oven for the reception of spent gas from the adjacent portion of the sole passage, and heat recovering devices in conjunction with each such receiving means, substantially` as described.

29. In a coke oven the combination of two heating walls each having on its interior a series' of passages for the transfer of heating gases from its upper to its lower edge, a common passage for the collection of all the spent gases from the lower edges of both said walls, heat recovery devices in conjunction with said heating walls and no other heating walls, and connections from the collection passage aforesaid to said heat recovery devices, substantially as described.

ARTHUR ROBERTS.

Witness THOMAS A. BANNING, JR. 

